Manzoor Khan The recent US launches wave of air strikes on Yemen’s Houthis has reignited global attention on the long-standing conflict in Yemen. This article delves into the reasons behind the US involvement, the history of the Houthi movement, and the broader implications of these strikes. Whether you’re curious about the Houthis, the US role in Yemen, or the ongoing war, this guide provides a detailed, fact-based, and easy-to-understand overview.
What Are the Houthis in Yemen?
Origins and Ideology
The Houthis, officially known as Ansar Allah (Supporters of God), are a Zaidi Shia Muslim rebel group that emerged in the late 1990s in northern Yemen. The Zaidi sect, a branch of Shia Islam, has deep historical roots in Yemen, dating back over a thousand years. The Houthis initially positioned themselves as a movement against government corruption and marginalization of the Zaidi community.
Rise to Power
The Houthis gained significant traction during the Arab Spring in 2011, capitalizing on widespread discontent with the Yemeni government. By 2014, they had taken control of the capital, Sanaa, and forced President Abdrabbuh Mansur Hadi into exile. This marked the beginning of a protracted civil war that has drawn in regional and global powers, culminating in the recent US launches wave of air strikes on Yemen’s Houthis.
Why Is the US in Yemen?
Strategic Interests
Yemen’s strategic location at the southern tip of the Arabian Peninsula, bordering the Red Sea and the Gulf of Aden, makes it a critical chokepoint for global trade and energy shipments. The US has long been involved in Yemen to counter terrorism, particularly against Al-Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula (AQAP), which has used Yemen as a base for operations.
Countering Iranian Influence
The US views the Houthis as a proxy for Iran, which provides them with weapons, funding, and training. By targeting the Houthis, the US aims to curb Iranian influence in the region and protect its allies, particularly Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates (UAE), who are leading a coalition against the Houthis. The recent US launches wave of air strikes on Yemen’s Houthis underscores this strategic objective.
What War Is Going on in Yemen?
The Civil War Explained
The conflict in Yemen is often described as a proxy war between regional powers. On one side is the Houthi movement, backed by Iran, and on the other is the internationally recognized government of Yemen, supported by a Saudi-led coalition and the US. The war has caused one of the world’s worst humanitarian crises, with millions facing famine and displacement.
Key Players
- Houthis: Control much of northern Yemen, including Sanaa.
- Yemeni Government: Based in Aden, supported by Saudi Arabia and the UAE.
- Saudi-led Coalition: Includes Gulf states and receives logistical support from the US.
- Iran: Provides military and financial support to the Houthis.
The US launches wave of air strikes on Yemen’s Houthis is a significant escalation in this complex conflict, aiming to weaken the Houthis’ military capabilities and deter further aggression.
Who Funds the Houthis?
Iranian Backing
Iran is widely regarded as the primary benefactor of the Houthis, supplying them with weapons, including drones and ballistic missiles. This support has enabled the Houthis to sustain their fight against the Saudi-led coalition and launch attacks on Saudi territory.
Local Funding Sources
The Houthis also generate revenue through local taxation, control of key ports, and smuggling operations. This financial independence has allowed them to maintain their grip on power despite international sanctions.
Are Houthis Yemen Shia or Sunni?
Religious Divide
The Houthis belong to the Zaidi branch of Shia Islam, which constitutes about 30-35% of Yemen’s population. The majority of Yemenis are Sunni Muslims, and this religious divide has fueled sectarian tensions within the country.
Sectarianism in the Conflict
While the war is often framed as a sectarian conflict, it is also deeply rooted in political and economic grievances. The Houthis have sought to position themselves as defenders of all Yemenis against foreign intervention, regardless of sectarian affiliation.
Who Controls Yemen Now?
Fragmented Governance
Yemen is effectively divided between the Houthis in the north and the internationally recognized government in the south. The situation is further complicated by the presence of separatist movements in the south and the ongoing influence of tribal leaders.
Humanitarian Crisis
The lack of a unified government has exacerbated Yemen’s humanitarian crisis, with over 20 million people in need of assistance. The war has destroyed infrastructure, disrupted food supplies, and left the country on the brink of collapse.
Does Yemen Have Oil?
Limited Reserves
Yemen has modest oil reserves compared to its Gulf neighbors, but oil revenues have historically been a significant source of income for the government. The conflict has severely disrupted oil production and exports, further crippling the economy.
Economic Impact
The decline in oil revenues has had a devastating impact on Yemen’s economy, contributing to widespread poverty and unemployment. This economic collapse has fueled popular discontent and provided fertile ground for extremist groups.
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What Flag Is Yemen?
National Symbol
Yemen’s flag consists of three horizontal stripes of red, white, and black. These colors are shared by many Arab nations and symbolize Arab unity. The flag has remained unchanged since the unification of North and South Yemen in 1990.
What Is the Problem with Yemen?
Multifaceted Crisis
Yemen’s problems are multifaceted, encompassing political instability, economic collapse, and humanitarian suffering. The war has destroyed infrastructure, displaced millions, and created a fertile ground for extremist groups.
International Neglect
Despite the scale of the crisis, Yemen has often been overlooked by the international community. Efforts to broker peace have repeatedly failed, leaving the country trapped in a cycle of violence and despair.
What Was Yemen Called Before?
Historical Names
Yemen was historically known as Arabia Felix (Happy Arabia) due to its fertile land and strategic location. It was also referred to as the Kingdom of Saba, famous for the legendary Queen of Sheba.
Why Is Yemen Protesting?
Popular Uprisings
Yemen’s protests are rooted in decades of political repression, economic inequality, and corruption. The Arab Spring in 2011 saw mass demonstrations calling for democratic reforms, but these aspirations were largely unmet, leading to further instability.
Are Americans Welcome in Yemen?
Travel Advisory
Due to the ongoing conflict, the US State Department advises against all travel to Yemen. The security situation is extremely volatile, with a high risk of kidnapping, terrorism, and armed conflict.
Is the US Embassy in Yemen Open?
Operational Status
The US Embassy in Sanaa has been closed since 2015 due to security concerns. Diplomatic operations are currently conducted from Saudi Arabia.
Why Was Yemen United?
Unification in 1990
North and South Yemen unified in 1990 after years of negotiations. The unification was initially seen as a step toward stability, but underlying tensions between the two regions soon resurfaced, contributing to the current conflict.
How Many Yemenis Are in the US?
Diaspora Community
There are approximately 30,000 Yemenis living in the US, primarily in cities like Detroit, New York, and Los Angeles. The community plays an active role in advocating for peace and humanitarian aid for Yemen.
Conclusion
The US launches wave of air strikes on Yemen’s Houthis is a stark reminder of the complex and devastating conflict that has engulfed the country. Understanding the roots of this war, the key players involved, and the broader implications is crucial for anyone seeking to grasp the realities of Yemen today. As the world watches, the hope for a peaceful resolution remains elusive, but not impossible.
